Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea)

Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea) charms botanists and herbal enthusiasts alike. Its rich history spans medicinal, culinary, and esoteric traditions. This versatile herb, native to the Mediterranean, inspires modern wellness practices.

Plant Description and Native Habitat

Belonging to the mint family, Clary Sage is a biennial herb distinguished by its stunning violet flowers borne on tall, sturdy stems. Its large, fuzzy leaves exude a pleasant aroma with a hint of citrus. Native to the Mediterranean region, particularly Southern Europe, Clary Sage thrives in warm, sunny climates with well-drained, humus-rich, and adequately moist soils.

The stem is erect, branching, and hairy on the upper parts. The leaves are heart-shaped, large, wrinkled, irregularly toothed, and covered with fine hairs. The inflorescence reaches 20–25 cm in height; the flower clusters are usually light in color, with individual flowers displaying pale blue or pink hues and a white lower lip. Not only is the inflorescence attractive, but the leaves are also ornamental. The fruit is dry and consists of four brown nutlets. Depending on growing conditions, the plant can reach heights ranging from 40 to 120 cm.

Cultivating in the Garden

People grow Clary Sage by choosing a sunny spot with well-drained soil. In spring or early summer, they sow the seeds directly into the ground and lightly cover them with a thin layer of soil. They keep the soil moist until seeds germinate within 2–3 weeks. Once the plant establishes, minimal care suffices; however, during dry spells, gardeners water it regularly and prune it occasionally to promote bushier growth. Many also purchase seedlings that flourish in a proper environment, self-seeding and even blooming in the first year. Clary Sage endures winter and typically flowers from June to July. grow Clary Sage by choosing a sunny spot with well-drained soil. In spring or early summer, they sow the seeds directly into the ground and lightly cover them with a thin layer of soil. They keep the soil moist until seeds germinate within 2–3 weeks. Once the plant establishes, minimal care suffices; however, during dry spells, gardeners water it regularly and prune it occasionally to promote bushier growth. Many also purchase seedlings that flourish in a proper environment, self-seeding and even blooming in the first year. Clary Sage endures winter and typically flowers from June to July.

Alternatively, you may purchase seedlings—which, when planted in a suitable environment, will grow into large, beautiful plants within their first year and continue to self-seed naturally. Some specimens may even bloom in their first year, and the plant is generally winter-hardy, flowering from June to July.

Medicinal Properties and Uses

Medicinal Effects and Applications

Clary Sage exhibits antispasmodic, balsamic, carminative, tonic, aromatic, aperitif, astringent, and pectoral properties. The plant is used fresh—either alone or in combination with other herbs—as an infusion or tincture. It is most commonly applied as a remedy for digestive disturbances (acting as a stomach tonic) and is also beneficial for kidney ailments.

In cases of severe hysteria and wind-induced abdominal colic, a potent spirit-based tincture is employed. For example, prepare the tincture by macerating the following in warm water for 14 days:

• 60 g dried Clary Sage leaves and flowers
• 30 g chamomile flowers
• 1 unit of chopped Yellow Dock (Rumex crispus) root
• 4 g crushed cumin and coriander seeds
• 6 g crushed burdock seeds

Then add approximately 500 ml of spirit, filter, and dilute with twice the volume of water.
Dosage: A wine glassful as needed.

Nicholas Culpeper wrote about this plant:

“It is governed by the Moon. A seed placed in the eye cleanses it from spots and other impurities that may mar the lids. The mucilage of the seed, prepared with water and applied to wounds or swellings, disperses and removes them, also extracting splinters, thorns, or other foreign objects that have entered the body. The leaves, when taken with vinegar or a touch of honey, help combat ulcers, acne, and inflammatory conditions before they become too pronounced. Dried root powder, when placed in the nose, induces sneezing and thereby clears the head and brain of excessive moisture and decay. Seeds or leaves infused in wine produce sexual excitement. It is very beneficial for both men and women with weak backs, helping to strengthen the kidneys—used alone or with other similarly acting herbs, often in combination with Tansy. Fresh leaves, soaked in a batter of flour, eggs, and a little milk, then fried in butter and served, are very useful for those troubled by a weak back and its consequences. The juice of the herb, poured into ale or wine and consumed, reduces women’s pain and prevents postpartum hemorrhage.”

A tea made from fresh or dried Clary Sage leaves is a pleasant beverage, serving as a digestive tonic to reduce dyspepsia and gas buildup. Moreover, the essential oil is antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral, and it also acts against the fungus Candida albicans.
NOTE: The use of essential oils requires expertise and caution. Please use responsibly.

The Woman’s Herb

It is recognized that the therapeutic properties of a plant cannot be determined solely by analyzing its individual chemical constituents. Although knowledge of the percentages of its compounds may allow us to hypothesize about its effects (for instance, herbs rich in d-limonene are generally immune-supportive), the true power of the plant lies in its synergy—all of its components working together to form a unique energetic blueprint. To fully appreciate the herb, one must consider its entirety.

The term “oestrogenic” refers to the ability to stimulate or mimic the action of female hormones and should not be confused with an estrogenic effect. According to Franchomme & Pénöel (1990), the essential oil of Clary Sage is similar to estrogen due to the presence of sclareol, which is said to be structurally akin to human estrogens.

At times—though not conclusively supported by scientific studies—the essential oil may help balance and harmonize the body’s systems. This appears to be true for Clary Sage in relation to its oestrogenic effects on the female reproductive system. Many women report that this remarkable oil has influenced their reproductive and endocrine systems in the following ways:

• Menstrual Cycle Regulation:
  Known as an emmenagogue, it can sometimes induce a heavy cycle and increased bleeding, which is why some advise against its use during pregnancy. However, it can also stimulate menstruation and regulate irregular cycles. For those suffering from infertility related to such issues, Clary Sage can help regulate the cycle and thus facilitate conception.
• Relief from Menstrual Cramps:
  Scientific studies support its efficacy. I have successfully used a blend comprising Clary Sage, Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), Bergamot (Citrus bergamia), Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), and Ylang Ylang (Cananga odorata) essential oils.
• Pre-Menstrual Syndrome Mood Support:
  Clary Sage acts as an antidepressant—a topic to be elaborated on later. A synergy of Clary Sage, Rose (Rosa centifolia), and Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) has been observed to be particularly effective.
• Aphrodisiac Properties:
  When combined with Ylang Ylang, Clary Sage can stimulate sensations of passion.
• Hormonal Regulation:
  Its high content of esters may exert a regulatory effect on the pituitary gland—the master gland of the endocrine system.
• Support During Labor:
  The essential oil is a natural uterotonic, meaning it can enhance and strengthen uterine contractions during childbirth (Buckle, 2015). Additionally, it may act as a stress reliever and help calm the nervous system during this remarkable process.
• Assistance During Menopause:
  It can be beneficial in alleviating hot flashes (a formula for which is discussed later in the hydrosol section), anxiety, and hormonal imbalances.

It is easy to understand why Clary Sage is considered a “warrior” for women. Although opinions may differ—with some cautioning its use during pregnancy due to its emmenagogue-like effects—the herb is not toxic. For instance, the website naha.org notes that, contrary to a common myth in aromatherapy (as propagated by Wildwood and others) that massage oils containing essential oils such as Clary Sage, Rose, or even Rosemary might cause abortion, there has never been a recorded case of abortion or birth defect resulting from aromatherapy massage (Tisserand & Balacs, 1995). (Note that this claim applies to local use.) Nonetheless, I advise avoiding its use during the first three months of pregnancy unless absolutely necessary, especially in cases of an unstable pregnancy.

Hydrosol

Clary Sage hydrosol exhibits a pH between 5.5 and 5.7. Although its shelf life varies—from under 12 months to over two years—experts like Suzanne Catty (2011) recommend a safe period of 16–18 months. Known as the “woman’s choice” hydrosol, it relieves flatulence, bloating, and PMS-related mood disturbances. Some practitioners employ a three-week cycle and even blend it with Common Sage (Salvia officinalis) hydrosol to ease menopausal symptoms. During labor, they may apply a hot compress containing 250 ml of Clary Sage hydrosol, 3 drops of Clary Sage essential oil, and 3 drops of Moroccan Chamomile (Tanacetum annuum) essential oil to the lower back. If delivering in the bath — add a bit of Clary Sage hydrosol. Its astringent properties allow topical use as a tonic for oily skin or even ingestion for those avoiding alcohol. Combining it with Yarrow hydrosol can provide a gentle antispasmodic effect, while its aromatic qualities uplift and induce euphoria (Catty, 2011).

Culinary Uses and Recipes

In the culinary world, Clary Sage lends a unique flavor and aroma marked by earthy and herbal notes. Its leaves can be used either fresh or dried to imbue oils, vinegars, and sauces with its distinctive essence. Try incorporating them into recipes such as roasted vegetables, poultry dishes, or homemade bread for an extra burst of flavor. For a refreshing change, steep Clary Sage leaves in hot water to brew a fragrant herbal tea.

Love Elixir

Mix equal parts of dried Lavender, Cornflower, and Clary Sage, with a pinch of Valerian and Sassafras (leaves or powder). Combine well, place in a small sachet, and carry it with you to attract a man.

Historical and Spiritual Significance

Throughout the ages, Clary Sage has been revered for its spiritual and psychological benefits. Ancient civilizations—including the Greeks and Romans—valued it for its ability to evoke clarity, calm, and euphoria. It was frequently used in rituals and ceremonies to promote spiritual insight and emotional well-being. Today, Clary Sage remains a staple in aromatherapy and meditation for uplifting the mood, reducing stress, and enhancing mental clarity.

According to Ettmueller, this herb was first utilized by wine merchants in Germany, who used it as an adulterant by mixing in mulberry blossoms and then adding the liquid to Rhine wine, thereby imparting a muscat-like quality. In Germany, it is still known as Muskateller Salbei (Muscat Sage).

Waller (1822) notes that it was also used in that country as a substitute for hops in refining ale, endowing the brew with significant bitterness and intoxicating properties that led to an ecstatic spiritual high, followed by a severe headache. Lobelis states:

“Some ale and beer brewers add it to their drink so that it becomes more intoxicating—suitable for drunks who, depending on their predisposition, become either fatally inebriated, foolishly drunk, or insanely intoxicated.”

Thus, I do not recommend abusing alcohol—either with or without Clary Sage. However, even without alcohol, this herb can counteract domineering and aggressive moods when you feel lonely, abandoned, ostracized, or isolated. If you struggle to let go of beliefs like “I’m too old…”, “in my age…”, or “life is suffering,” Clary Sage will help you rise above them. When life lacks joy, or if you’ve become accustomed to playing the martyr, when you wish to hide under responsibilities or view life too seriously—when embracing change seems impossible—Salvia sclarea can be of great help.

It is believed that its energetic properties promote expansion, wisdom, and spiritual growth. Clary Sage is thought to open the mind to new perspectives and a higher consciousness, making it an invaluable tool for meditation and inner exploration. Its uplifting and expansive energy may help you connect with your intuition and tap into deeper existential truths.

In energetic aromatherapy, organic Sage essential oil is associated with the throat chakra (Vishuddha) and linked to the color blue. Clary Sage helps regulate overwhelming emotions, dispel fears, and restore self-confidence.

In summary, Clary Sage is not just a fragrant herb—it is a multifaceted botanical treasure with a wealth of uses and benefits. Whether found in the garden, kitchen, or apothecary, Clary Sage enchants and inspires all who encounter its gentle nature.

Contraindications and Precautions

Like all herbs, Clary Sage should be used with respect and proper knowledge. It is not to be used by pregnant women in any form.